Driving Behavior Analysis - 1880 Words

METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTRODUCTION These chapters discuss the process and method that used in this study. The research involved find the problem parameters to be investigate, choosing and applying the selected sensor for data collection, analyzing and find the final result. It should be design and made precisely to get an accurate data. This is very important in order to achieve the goals and objective of the research. This research study was conducted based on the methodology. This methodology plays an important role in implementing this research study accordingly. The details of the methodology are explained in detail in this chapter. 3.2 STUDY DESIGN The study design is important because it determines the success or failure of research. This study design guides the arrangement for the collection and analysis of data so that the conclusion can be drawn. Study design is a detailed plan of how a research study is to be conducted. To conduct this study, the implementation process is divided into four stages: 3.2.1 Identifying problems The process before research is must identify the problem. The objective of the study can be determined from the problems that have already identified. For this study, the collection of data from sensor that already installed on test car is to find the driver behavior as road user that carried out at the different road destination. The test is conduct based on different parameters. The sensor that might be used is GPS sensor,Show MoreRelatedChanging Behavior Case Study Analysis7120 Words   |  29 Pages Changing Behavior: Insights and Applications Annette Frahm, project manager Dave Galvin Gail Gensler Gail Savina Anne Moser December 1995 Revised June 2001 Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County King County Water Pollution Control Division 130 Nickerson St., Suite 100 Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 263-3050; haz.waste@metrokc.gov Prog-3(12/95)rev.6/01 Introduction Have you ever tried to get a smoker to stop? A kid to start wearing a bike helmet? An aerosol userRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Individual Assignment5793 Words   |  24 PagesExecutive summary According to Robbins, Judge, Odendaal and Roodt (2009:7), Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations. 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Facts, Fiction and Social Change Essay Topics

Facts, Fiction and Social Change Essay Topics The sorts of organizations that youth use to take part in social change initiatives incorporate a wide selection of choices. Advertising and the media are now nearly inseparable from society for a whole. Try to demonstrate that the social movements were actually accountable for these changes. Positive social change leads to the improvement of human and societal conditions. When discussing gender equality topics, it's essential to follow certain rules not to abuse a specific kind of readers. Deciding upon an apt thesis topic is the very first step to success, that's why it's important to take it seriously. The social issues research papers may appear easy to write in comparison with different topics, but still it demands an extremely creative strategy, a big quantity of curiosity and capability to think beyond the box and search info in unconventional sources. Be certain to include relevant historical particulars. Key Pieces of Social Change Essay Topics In terms of the organization of the last essay, it's advised to use a 5-paragraph structure. Therefore, many students and employees decide to purchase cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. Therefore, students who study industry and other relevant subjects may be interested in writing on a number of the subsequent topics. General information Students that are new to the topic of social s tudies need to be ready for in-depth education at their initial lessons. Odds are, all you have to do is relax and locate a topic you're passionate about and, naturally, one that's debatable. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Regardless, attempt to compose an essay by yourself with no help. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. As we begin to think about that idea, here are a couple suggestions to get you started on your own essay. Additionally, you can capture reader attention with the aid of funny essay topics. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points that you are able to counter to your own points. This is a rather broad category, so there are a great deal of topics to pick from and even more that you could create by yourself. However, actually, a lot is dependent on the argumentative essay topic you pick. There are a few vital things you want to know to be able to write up an outstanding essay. These are the sorts of things you'll be exploring when you compose a parenting argumentative essay. Social Change Essay Topics - What Is It? It's additionally a practical internet shopping advertising mode that provides users an alternate shopping experience. Shopping can be readily completed in a couple of clicks in anytime and anywhere so long as the customers have internet access. On-line shopping perfectly solves the issue. It brings the opportunities to get famous brand products with a reasonable price for those label lovers who can not afford the price. The Importance of Social Change Essay Topics You're building a photo of a social issue, and you will need to bring up ever y potential side of the story. When you look around, you are going to observe social difficulties that affect society each day. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. When selecting your social problems topic, keep in mind that it's always much better to write about something you're already more or less acquainted with. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. It can be a result of politician actually need to have no social change and keep the ignorance of the common Filipino as a way to further their corruption of the government. There's also plenty of information on the best way to compose an essay and how to prevent the most frequent mistakes, but should you need aid, you can refer to this video.

Organisational Change Management Strategic Global Marketing

Question: Describe about the Organisational Change Management for Strategic Global Marketing. Answer: Case of background: The present study has dealt with the change management followed by Rapid Supply Electronic Components Ltd (RSEC) that helps the company to increase their sales and distribution operation. Andersson et al. (2012) has mentioned that change in organisational structure and business activities to improve their present condition. It is change in the internal environment of the organisation that influences its performance. In the current scenario, it is noticed that Rapid Supply Components Ltd possess decentralized structure and has six different units in different locations of Australia. The company has possessed Electronic Bits Fast (EBF) that also offers electronic components to Australian service users. Therefore, Rapid Supply Electronic Components Ltd has worked on changing the sales, logistic and customer service operations. The business firm endeavours to follow the EBFs centralized function and has decided to manage their business operation from Electronic Bits Fasts head office in Sydney. Therefore, the company has faced certain faces issues from the employees end. It is observed that the most of the workers of RSEC fails accept the change in the organisational function. Therefore, it incorporates stress and anxiety in their mind that affects their performance in the workplace. The staffs feel lack of respect and value in the organisation. Analysis: Identification of problems: In the present scenario, it is observed Rapid Supply Electronic Components Ltd has faced certain issues that affect their business operation. Harmon (2014) has deciphered that change in the business function facilitates stress and anxiety among the employees. Companys decision to change their organisational function creates disappointment and anxiety among the employees. The main reason behind their dissatisfaction is the fact that RSEC has recently overcome the upheaval condition. On other hand, the experience staffs presume that RESCs has provided better service before the acquisition of EBF. The change in firms function creates questions in their mind regarding its effectiveness in the present condition. The workers have thought of ruling over the newly merged company. However, RSECs decision of shifting the head office in EBFs office in Sydney has left their desired objectives unfulfilled. However, workers of RSEC find it an unnecessary act to centralize companys integrated funct ion. The staffs of Rapid Supply Electronics Components Ltd believe that the separate department of the organisation performs well in different parts of the country. Therefore, centralization of work might affect their business operation. It is also very difficult to accumulate the work performed in six different branches. Employees from the logistic, customer service and sales department have understood that they might be transferred from their current locations. On other hand, some of the staffs like members of sales team and deliveries to customers do not need to move from their position. However, the company remains silent regarding the transfers of workers after the initial announcement. Hayes (2014) has stated that fear of employees regarding the unknown changes in the firm affects the business operation. In present case, it is observed that the workers of Rapid Supply Electronics Components Ltd have also feared about the success of this change plan followed by the company. Becker et al. (2013) has opined that the change in organisational system requires cost and time. Here, RSEC has invested money to introduce SAP system, training program for the employees that affects the financial growth of the corporation. The employees also remain doubtful about that benefit ratio in relation to the money in vested in the change management system. In opinion of Hornstein (2015), the selection of wrong solution reduces the chances of increasing the profit margin in the firm. The managers of Rapid Supply Electronic Components Ltd (RSEC) have also suspected the effectiveness of the change function possessed by the company. The managers have also anticipated that they might fail to meet the requirements after the change in management strategy. Problem analysis and justification: In opinion of Waters Rinsler (2014), ADKAR Change Management Model focuses on attaining the desired objectives of the company, following the change in organisational work. The model focuses on making individual or business firm aware of the necessity of the change in business structure. In the current situation of RSEC, the company has failed to make their workers understand the problems faced in the current situation and the need of changing their organisational structure and business function. Therefore, it has created fuss among the staffs of the organisation. The change model of ADKAR has also addressed the desire of individuals working in the business firm to support the change plan (Rosemann vom Brocke, 2015). The active participation of individuals assists the corporation to facilitate their change system. RSEC has lacked in attaining the active participation of employees and managers. Therefore, the company has faced hindrance in incorporating the change the business struct ure. The present change model has also mentioned the importance of knowledge to change the business structure. In the present case, it is noticed that RSEC has faced challenges in deriving appropriate process for following the change function. Therefore, the employees fail to understand the purpose of the change in the business function clearly. According to Shah (2014), ASKAR model focuses on the ability of the company to enable the change in the business function. RSEC has implemented the change plan in the different units of the country. However, lack of cooperation from the workers has lowered the chances of introducing the changes successfully. The business firm fails to gather active participation of managers and employees to make the change plan successful. Pugh (2016) has mentioned that ADKAR change management model has also focused on implementing reinforces to retain the change system prevalent in the company. In case of Rapid Supply Electronic Components Ltd (RSEC), the organisation has confronted issues in sustain the change plan. It is observed that the lack of cooperation from the workers and managers have created troubles in maintain the change system in different outlets of the business firm. RSEC has faced anger and stress of staffs regarding the implementation of the change strategy. The skeptical attitude of individuals working in the company has created challenges in enhancing the change plan to develop the current customer service operation of the company. Alternative solutions: In opinion of Nienhuis (2014), effective communication between employees and organisation helps to enhance the business function. Strong relation with staffs assists the company to attain the desired objectives. It helps the firm to share their goals with the staffs and to take their suggestions for further improvement. In present scenario, communication with workers helps RSEC to make the employees clear about the importance of change [plan considered by the firm. It aids the organisation to possess the support and participation of staffs to improve the logistic and customer service operation (Yaghoubi Hojatizade, 2014). Interaction with employees also aids the company to understand the reason behind their stress and anxiety (Mine, 2015). Therefore, RSEC can take essential steps to provide security to their experienced staffs. It helps to retain the support and loyalty of employees and managers that affects their organisational work. Jeston Nelis (2014) has deciphered that the boa rd members of RSEC to improve must focus on making the employees believe that the possession of EBF is a good investment and the centralization of power will help the to take an effective decision for different branches of the company. It helps the organisation to facilitate the logistic function. The improvement in the logistic operation helps to improve the distribution operation and delivery system. Effective delivery system assists to expend the business in different location of the country (Kerzner, 2013). Training plan for employees helps RSEC to make their vision clear regarding the change in the business structure. The training helps to make the staffs aware of the necessity of centralization to enhance the business function. In opinion of Cameron Green (2015), ethical issues assists the company to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. It helps the company to regulate and monitor the activities of employees and managers in the company. It aids the business firm to retain the business morale that helps to retain the reputation of the company. Therefore, RSEC should focus on including ethical objects to maintain the morale in the business work. The company should also work on controlling the excessive changes possessed in recent times. The company should consider small amount of changes in their units to address the initial success. It helps the company to avail success in long run. Gradual changes in the business help to understand the response of workers that helps the company to decide their next step. It assists the company to balance between demands of workers and change needed to improve the business operation. Recommendations: In the present case study of Rapid Supply Electronic Components Ltd, it is followed that the business firm should focus on incorporating coaching plan that helps to send messages to employees regarding the necessity of changing the business function. It aids to make the employees aware of the advantages of the change plan that helps to increase the business function. The coaching plan helps to obtain a direct interaction with the staffs to know their idea about the change followed in the corporation. Their attitude assists to understand the acceptability in the change function of RSEC. The company should consider the training plan that aids to improve the relation with managers and staffs. It helps to dissolve the doubts revolve around their mind regarding their current position in the company. It gives RSEC an opportunity to reinforce the implementation of the change plan to facilitate their sales, logistic and customer service department. The company should also discuss with the wo rkers regarding the change of head office in Sydney. RSEC should consider the importance of their experienced workers and should provide them facilities that affect their service in the work area. The business firm should work on analyzing the affective of the change plan. The company has recently attained stability in the market and the sudden decision of change plan affects their current situation. It might bring success in the current time. However, the success of the plan is questionable in long term. RSEC should work on introducing effective management plan that aids the company to derive the opinion of managers and staffs in incorporating the change system in the business. The introduction of management plan assists the firm to take significant steps to improve their present logistic, sales and customers service operation. The management plan helps to monitor the attitude of managers and workers regarding the change plan that affects the sales operation. It is observed that the effective distribution operation and logistic service helps to improve the business in different parts of the country. The management program of the firm helps to facilitate their customer service operation. It helps to provide better service to the end-users that affects the business function of the corporation. RSEC should work on involving the managers and experiences staffs in their discussions. It also helps to indentify the participation of the workers and managers to improve the business operation of the organisation. Implementation: RESC has considered the importance of introducing management plan that assists the company to dissolve the issues faced by them in current time. The board members of RSEC has worked on obtaining the opinion of managers regarding the decision of changing the location of head office and the incorporation of centralized power to perform the work coherently in different units. It helps the company to make the vision clear to the workers and managers about the change strategy considered in the firm. Rapid Supply Electronic Components Ltd (RSEC) has also worked on improving their communication with the staffs to understand their insecurities regarding the change system in the firm. It helps to consider employees points and to take necessary step to dissolve the issues faced by them. Communication with workers also aids to reduce their fear of losing their position in the firm. It aids the company to take initial steps to retain the trust of their experiences staffs. Firm connection with st affs helps the organisation to attain effective service from them that helps to improve the sales operation. Improvement in sales aids the firm to develop their distribution operation and to customer service system to provide service to wide range of service users in different locations of Australia. References: Andersson, M., Tamanini, J., Asplund, C., Fransson, M., Sporre, M., Parliden, J. (2012). Strategic global marketing of Nordic cleantech clusters and competencies. Becker, J., Kugeler, M., Rosemann, M. (Eds.). (2013).Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science Business Media. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Davenport, T. H. (2013).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Harmon, P. (2014).Business process change. Morgan Kaufmann. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Mine, M. (2015). Operations Adaptive Management Plan. Nienhuis, J. (2014). Using Change Management to improve CRM User Acceptance. Pugh, L. (2016).Change management in information services. Routledge. Rosemann, M., vom Brocke, J. (2015). The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Shah, M. H. (2014). An Application of ADKAR Change Model for the Change Management Competencies of School Heads in Pakistan.Journal of Managerial Sciences,8(1). Waters, D., Rinsler, S. (2014).Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. Kogan Page Publishers. Yaghoubi, N. M., Hojatizade, M. (2014). Human resource management and ERP system: An integrated model.International Journal of Research in Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management,2(4), 113-126.

William Shakespeare an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

William Shakespeare William Shakespeares actual birth date is not officially known, but according to records and research he was born on April 23, 1564. This date is also Saint Georges Day, a British holiday. He was born on Henley Street in Stratford Upon Avon to parents John and Mary. His father was a tanner and leather goods salesman who became somewhat wealthy. He was a successful businessman and he also held several positions in the town of Stratford including one equal to being the mayor. He later lost this job and fell into poverty before dying in 1601. Shakespeares parents had three children that died before William was born, and he had two siblings named Gilbert and Joan. Because his father was an important man in Stratford when William was young, William received a good education. He attended a grammar school at Stratford upon Avon. This is where he first studied many of the Latin and English authors that later influenced his plays. Need essay sample on "William Shakespeare" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed After leaving the school because of his fathers loss of the public service job, William married Anne Hathaway in 1582 when he was eighteen and she was twenty six. There is evidence that she was already many months pregnant when they got married. They had three children: Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith who were named after close family friends. Shakespeare would leave his wife and children behind when he moved to London to become an actor. The years 1585-1592 are called Shakespeares lost years because not a lot is known about what he did or what happened in his life during this time frame. Around 1585 he moved to London to study acting. By 1592 he was a popular and respected actor in London. He had also started writing plays of his own by this time, including Henry II and The Comedy of Errors. Most of his plays were performed by a troupe called Pembrokes Men. Shakespeare wrote for this troupe and acted with them too. The troupe performed plays for Queen Elizabeth often. Shakespeare left theatre briefly after 1592 when an outbreak of the plague made many theatres close. He wrote sonnets and poetry until he returned to theatre around 1594. Shakespeare bought the Globe Theatre with his troupe the Chamberlains Men after he returned to acting. The Globe was an open-air theatre and got its name because it was shaped like an octagon and was round like a globe. The Globe was one of the major theatres in London at the time, along with the Rose, the Swan and the Hope. Shakespeare and his troupe continued to perform for Queen Elizabeth and her court at this theatre. The Globe Theatre would later burn down during a performance of King Henry VII. Shakespeare continued to write, act and be involved in theatre until he died in 1616. The cause of Shakespeares death is unknown to this day. The vicar of Stratfords Holy Trinity Church explained Shakespeares death in an entry in his journal by saying, Shakespeare, Drayton and Ben Jonson had a merry meeting and it seems drank too hard, for Shakespeare died of a fever there contracted. Shakespeares influence in literature has continued to the present day for many reasons. He continues to be considered one of the most famous and influential writers and poets in history because his characters still seem believable and real even though his stories are set in a time long ago. The reader is still able to relate to them because Shakespeare wrote about common human emotions and understandable events. His characters are motivated by jealousy, anger, greed, power, love and lust. Readers can always relate to a character in Shakespeares work or sympathize with what the character goes through because people still feel those kinds of emotions today and always will. Shakespeare also wrote in a language and style that were unique when he first wrote his plays and sonnets and are now considered classic. Shakespeare is said to have impacted the English language as a whole, not just literature. He did this with the language he used in his plays and the structures and languages in hi s sonnets and poetry. Most of Shakespeares sonnets were written in the 1590s and there are references in them to many people in Shakespeares life, including his wife Anne. But the first 126 sonnets Shakespeare wrote were actually addressed to a man, making some people question Shakespeares sexuality. There is no proof that Shakespeare was or wasnt gay, and people continue to debate what he meant by addressing these sonnets to a male. Many of Shakespeares tragedies were based on Greek and Roman myths or historical events, like Julius Caesar. Shakespeare also wrote histories like Richard III and King Henry VIII that focused on real historical figures and their lives. Shakespeares comedies include Much Ado About Nothing and A Midsummer Nights Dream. Many of Shakespeares comedies include comical situations involving lovers and some kind of magical element like fairies, sprites or witches. Shakespeares plays and sonnets have inspired many movies over the years. There have been many movie versions of Shakespeares plays like Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth where actors use the actual lines of the play. But there are also movies that do not follow the lines of the play but have a story based on issues addressed in the play or that mimic the plays characters. Some recent examples are the musical West Side Story, which was based on Romeo and Juliet, and the movie Ten Things I Hate About You and which was based on Taming of the Shrew. These are just two examples of films, musicals, plays and books that continue to be influenced by Shakespeares language, structure and stories. Works Cited Shakespeares Globe. Shakespeare Resource Center. 21 May 2010. May 27, http://www.bardweb.net/globe.html Shakespeares Influence on Other Writers. Shakespeare Online. 10 May 2010. May 27, 2010. http://www.shakespeare-online.com/biography/shakespearewriter.html

DATABASES MEMORANUDM essays

DATABASES MEMORANUDM essays Database Applications in the company Database in my company are used for several purposes. Because my company is a small retail store, it needs several kinds of information to collect and analyze. Right now, my company uses Microsoft Access for The company needs information about its customers, its inventory of products, its suppliers, orders, prices of the items, and item availability. Until recently, this information was collected and stored in paper files and folders. Although it was easy to store this information in folders, it also caused frequent delays in accepting the customer orders as it was often difficult to tell at the time of the customer order the price of the items, the availability of the products, and when it would be Presently with the use of the Microsoft Access databases in the company, the company has been able to make many decisions quickly as it can find the status of the customers, their orders, products, and shipping date in time. Besides, by using the database, the company can find every night how much inventory is sold and how much it needs to order (Haag, Cummings, and Dawkins, 1998). Through the use of databases, it has become quite easy for the company to track its inventory use and calculate the profits. The greatest advantages of the database model is that it is easy to use as it is built on a simple concept of representing information in two dimensional tables. Most of the employees working in the company can easily be trained to identify most of the common entities such as customer, order, inventory, supplier etc. By using the database, the company has been able to avoid a lot of duplication of the paper work processes and has been able to capture data with much more accuracy and details. My company is also making extensive use of databases for the development of the predictive models on consumer data. By ...

Understanding Chargebacks

Understanding Chargebacks We are all FFW readers for one reason: to make our writing career profitable. We seek answers to the big picture dilemmas. How much should I charge for my writing services? Where can I get good writing leads? Am I financially ready to scrap my day job? Unfortunately, many small details get lost among the bigger issues. One of those details is chargebacks. Understanding Chargebacks As a serious writer, you can learn about the chargeback process here. A general overview is this: a chargeback is a credit card refund initiated Chargebacks were originally created for consumer protection. For example, if a hacker stole your credit card and bought a million pairs of shoes, you aren’t responsible for the bill. However, this consumer protection has evolved into a form of fraud. Many people want something for free- and they use a chargeback to get it. How Chargebacks Affect Writers As a writer, your business model is different than a traditional merchant. However, if you process credit card payments, you are technically a merchant, and as vulnerable as any other business owner. Nearly all merchant processors, including PayPal, Square and similar companies, assess chargeback fees from $20 to $75 each. So if a client hits you with a chargeback in attempt to get your work for free, youve lost the expected money from the gig, fees were charged, and you sacrificed your writing. Bummer. Tips for Preventing Chargebacks First, try to deter fraudulent transactions from happening. 1) Only work for reputable clients. Do your research before agreeing to the deal. See if anyone has posted a scam report online. Review the clients website. Call the company and do a mini phone interview. Or, if the client has an office, drop 2) Have important conversations via email. To fight a chargeback, you need written documentation. Email is a great way to prove your case. 3) Draft an air-tight contract, sign it and make sure both parties have a copy. Next, provide outstanding customer service to prevent a client from claiming the quality of work wasn’t as expected. 1) Don’t accept more work than you can handle. 2) Promptly acknowledge all emails and phone calls. 3) Adhere to deadlines, or at least keep the client abreast of changes. 4) Provide a detailed invoice with the completed assignment. Fighting Chargebacks Fighting chargebacks to get your money back is quite difficult. That’s why prevention is so important. If you dispute a claim, provide written documentation (like your emails and contract). For example, you can use an email conversation to prove the writing was received on time. Also as a writer, you have one very valuable chargeback tool at your disposal that isn’t available to other business owners. The â€Å"products† you sell have copyright protection. Let’s say you wrote an article for an online magazine. The site owner published it, but never paid you. Technically, you own the copyright for that article until you’re paid. If this happens, you can contact the website’s host company and demand a DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) takedown. If the site owner doesn’t pay or remove the violating content, the site can be closed down. Therefore, when you draft your contract, add a line that says copyright transfers to the client upon payment in full. This simple phrase could help prevent the client from filing a chargeback (and will expedite a DMCA takedown, if needed). Implementing chargeback prevention strategies now can prevent you losing a lot of money down the road.

The Bluest Eye and Cathedral Raymond Carver Essay

The Bluest Eye and Cathedral Raymond Carver - Essay Example The story revolved around the manner by which the girl, Pecola, desired to be white, with pale skin and the deepest blue eyes. On the other hand, The Cathedral narrated a story about a man's encounter with a blind man called Robert. The account for this brief interaction, with its varying phases of emotional experience and personal relationship was anchored on how the latter was able to teach the narrator a new perspective in seeing things, transforming him in the process. Thematic Similarities The similarities between Morrison and Carver's work rest fundamentally on the way they wrote their respective stories on families in addition to troubled and tragic protagonists. Pecola suffered physical and psychological abuse from her father and her surroundings whereas; the Robert in Carver's tale was blind and has recently lost his wife. Even the narrator of the story seems to be suffering from some form of inner turmoil and suffered from confusion and emotional catharsis among other thing s depicted in a number of nuances and details. Also, both of these stories revolve around the theme of bigotry. In Morrison's work the community is still typified with the discrimination against the black people. As a result, people that surrounded Pecola used the whites and their lifestyle as standards of perfection, wherein those that they have are things to be desired. Her parents called her ugly, so she aspired to be white with blue eyes. Carver concentrated the bigotry on his narrator. It was not racial but targeted towards someone with disability. There was prejudice in his attitude towards the blind man and when he met him, it was further tinged with a degree of condescension. About Standards The theme of beauty and aesthetics, which is at the core of The Bluest Eye, revolved around the idea that being white, is beautiful. This variable is crucial in explaining the female black identity in the story. Morrison described this as psychologically damaging to black girls in Americ a. By providing a racist and patriarchal social setting, Morrison was able to illustrate the manner by which black women and men were shaped by cultural influences. To demonstrate this, there is the case of Pecola's father. He was treated throughout most part of the book with a kind of repulsiveness because of his appearance. For some, his looks appeared to resemble that of an alcoholic, so even he was not, he became one. The social perception involved with being black was emphasized to be equated with ugliness and Morrison enumerated several adverse effects on the psyche and behavior of a people. Carver was more specific in his tale with his minimal use of characters. In the interaction between his bigoted narrator and blind Robert, the reader is provided a summary of the social perception on disabled people. When the narrator met Robert, he observed and observed and, in his thoughts, the readers would be able to identify preconceived notions, prejudices and antagonisms that many o f them would find familiar. Cultural versus Utilitarian The treatment of themes and the text content conveyed revealed two different concerns. As Morrison focused on racial and gender identity, and the role of the social norms in the rage and pain of a people with their privations and exclusions, her narrative became a cultural critique. On the other hand, through his

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique - Essay Example The paper under consideration was one of his initial developments about the subject, and was recognized, and published in the Journal of Genetic Psychology in the year 1996. Summary This paper leads to the awareness of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (later referred to as ADHD in this critique), primarily by means of discussing the various theories associated to ADHD and the possible adaptive function. The author agrees to the fact that no single theory succeeds at explaining the occurrence and presence of ADHD. Previously, however, it might have served as an adaptive function. The need for analyzing this issue comes from a clear pattern that shows distinctive behavioral changes amongst children, and some of them continue to show the same for longer periods of times. The research paper shows clear facts that approximately 5% of the school aged children are affected by ADHD and some half of these stabilize towards complete disorder in the later part of their ages. Identifying the need of this research by stating these facts and the need to understand this issue, the author then moves towards identifying the clinical features i.e. the symptoms of this issue leading towards the disorder. The author then refers to the biology of ADHD, where he describes the genetic reasoning of the issue.

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Essay Example for Free

International Journal of Retail Distribution Management Essay Introduction Sales promotion is the offer of an incentive to induce a desired sales result (Gilbert, 1999). For our purposes promotional techniques, within UK supermarkets, have been taken to be value increasing promotions (i. e. coupons and price deals) and value adding (i. e. premiums, prizes/contests/sweepstakes, samples, point of purchase display, demonstration and loyalty cards). Sales promotion consists of a wide variety of short-term tactical promotional tools aimed at generating a desired response from customers. Although there is a shift in marketing communications, away from advertising towards sales promotions, there is no consensus among researchers that sales promotions lead to repeat purchase. It is agreed, however, that price promotions can result in a short-term increase in sales (Smith and Sinha, 2000; Banks and Moorthy, 1999; Kopalle and Mela, 1999; Diamond, 1992; Gupta and Cooper, 1992; Bawa and Shoemaker, 1987). It is also important to note that studies of price promotions also show that customers who take advantage of a price promotion often return to their favourite brands (Ehrenberg et al. 1994; Brandweek, 1994). There is a large body of literature, which has examined consumer response to sales promotions, especially coupons (Krishna and Zhang, 1999; Huff and Alden, 1998; Leone and Srinivasan, 1996; Bawa and Shoemaker, 1987, 1989; Gupta, 1988, 1993; Blattberg and Neslin, 1990). Coupons and discounts are the most widely used promotional tools. However, relatively little research has focussed on value adding promotions. In coupon promotions retailers maintain the original price of the product and it is only coupon holders who are entitled to a discount. As buyers are not subject to a reduction in sales price there is no need for them to adjust their internal reference prices downwards, as is the case with discount promotions. Therefore, coupon promotions should be more attractive than discount promotions in improving the transaction value of the product. However, consumers must keep track of the coupons and produce them at the place of purchase. If consumers are used to utilising coupons then they are likely to have a more positive attitude towards them (Huff and Alden, 1998). Also, if a The authors D. C. Gilbert is Professor of Marketing and N. Jackaria is a Researcher, both at Surrey European Management School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. Keywords Sales promotion, Retail trade, Food industry, Marketing Abstract UK supermarkets need to be able to assess the current efficacy of the budget they allocate to promotional activities aimed at boosting sales. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to investigate consumer response to the four different promotional deals most commonly used in UK supermarkets: coupons, price discounts, samples and buy-one-get-one-free. Multi discriminant analysis was used on a study of 160 respondents to analyse whether there was an association between the four consumer promotional approaches and respondents reported buying behaviour. The findings indicate that only price discount promotions proved to be statistically significant on consumers reported buying behaviour. Purchase acceleration and product trial are found to be the two most influential variables related to a discount. For buy-one-get-one-free, while the result is not significant, the two variables, brand switching and purchase acceleration are statistically significant.

The Effects of Catholicism on the Education of Women in Renaissance Ita

The Effects of Catholicism on the Education of Women in Renaissance Italy According to Paul Grendler, the conservative, clerical pedagogical theorist Silvio Antoniano (1540-1603) reflected on women’s educational status in Renaissance Italy in one of his written works, claiming that â€Å"†¦a girl (should not) learn ‘pleading and writing poetry’; the vain sex must not reach too high†¦A girl should attend to sewing, cooking, and other female activities, leaving to men what was theirs†. Apparently, this was the common-held view concerning women’s education during that time. Although women were actually encouraged to literacy, their subservient social role as wives and mothers could not allow them to learn as much as men did (Grendler, 1989).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women could not have possibly been employed or held a public office. Any attainable employment did not involve independent thought; matters concerning the ruling and well-being of society were left to men (Grendler, 1995). Therefore, they were encouraged to receive the kind of education that would prove useful for their primarily domestic role. It was not enough, therefore, for them to learn how to read and write; they had to hammer their knowledge into a matrix of virtue and piety. The development and praise of literacy, the advances in printing and consequently the widespread introduction of books to the public and finally the Counter-Reformation, were factors that influenced the development of female education (Grendler, 1989). What I would like to argue in my paper is that Catholicism acted as a medium for the development of the literacy of women in Renaissance Italy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within the Catholic church arose the need to draw people back to conservative Catholic traditions. This was, on a certain level, a response to the Protestant Reformation and to less conservative Humanist ideals that were spreading throughout Italy. After the Council of Trent, a lot of emphasis was placed on the development of Christian virtues within individuals. What better way to achieve this than indoctrination? The knowledge of religious texts and rituals as well as the adoption of monastic virtues began to be seen as imperative. Women were granted educational privileges, primarily so that they could read religious texts. Convent education for young girls became popular amidst upper and middle class families (Strocchia, 1999). The Schools of ... ...) could have was provided by the Schols of the Christian Doctrine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thus, we see that Catholicism provided women of Renaissance Italy great opportunities for learning. Even if such an education could take them only up to a point, since they had to learn within a religious, moral framework, it is still remarkable in that it provided early foundation for the development of female education in Europe. References: Robert Black, â€Å"The Curriculum of Italian Elementary and Grammar Schools, 1350-1500† in The Shapes of Knowledge from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, edited by Donald R. Kelley and Richard H. Popkin, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1991 Paul F. Gehl, â€Å"A Moral Art: Grammar, Society and Culture in Trecento Florence†, Cornell University Press, New York, 1993 Paul F. Grendler, â€Å"Books and Schools in the Italian Renaissance†, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Great Britain, 1995 Paul F. Grendler, â€Å"Schooling in Renaissance Italy†, John Hopkins University Press, U.S.A., 1989 Sharon T. Strocchia, â€Å"Learning the Virtues: Convent Schools and Female Culture in Renaissance Florence† in Women’s Education in Early Modern Europe (1500-1800), New York and London, 1999

Market Background

Market segmentation is the process of â€Å"dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have distinct needs, characteristics or behavior and who might require separate product or marketing mixes† (Kotler, 2004). Underlying the decision to segment the market is the recognition that a single market is not composed of people with homogenous needs, attitudes amd behavior and therefore requires a different marketing strategy for each group of people. This process helps marketers in identifying opportunities for a new product or product mix by identifying specific needs of a group of consumer marketer (Kinsey, 2005) Market segmentation can be done in many ways. A company with a customer base over a large geographic area can divide its market into various geographic areas. It can also segment the market on the basis of demographic factors such as gender, age, family size or family life cycle stage, profession, education, ethnical background etc. Other techniques include psychographic segmentation is another type of segmentation that is â€Å"based on social class, lifestyle or personality characteristics† and behavioral segmentation that is â€Å"based on the consumer knowledge attitude, use or response to a product† (Kotler, 2004). Other than the geographic segmentation all the other segmentation techniques requires a lot of consumer research with a demographic research on a lesser extent. Whatever segmentation techniques are used the market segments identified must be measurable in terms of size, purchasing power etc, accessible through target marketing, substantial, differentiable so that they should deserve the investment in a separate marketing strategy and actionable that is creating a marketing strategy for it should be practically possible for the company (Kotler, 2004). The task at hand is to segment the beverage market, decide on the target market and then design the most effective product mix for that segment. The beverage under consideration has an ingredient that is perceived to have health advantages. Thus, the drink can be positioned to be a wholesome addition to a healthy diet. The fact that their competitors have limited themselves to athletic males has left most of the market open for new product. The company can market the product to a much larger psychographic segment which is of health conscious consumers. On a secondary level some demographic segmentation can be done where students and young professionals are targeted through relevant marketing strategies that promote the drink as a source of nutrients needed for mental and physical growth necessary to cope with a demanding environment. Also a market strategy can be designed such that it encourages product use n the morning with breakfast. This type of strategy comes in the occasion segmentation as part of the behavior segmentation. With a powerful promotion program the beverage can become a necessary morning drink for all health conscious people. As the product is being promoted as a health drink it should contain appropriate nuitrants and vitamins and fruit extracts whose details should be given on the package. As it is being promoted as a morning drink it should be light and should not have sharp taste or smell. Also along with individual packages it should be available in easy to open packages that contain at least seven servings. Kinsey, J & Yeap, C. (2005). Buyers and Market Segments: Food Marketing Economics. Presented at APEC 4451/5451 lecture at University of Minnesota

Toxic Chemicals

Toxic Chemicals are substances naturally produced by the environment naturally or artificially produced by industrial manufactures.. The chemicals produced that have been around since the industrial age began are considered hazardous both to us and the environment. Some of the most highly toxic chemicals used today include polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB's), chlorofluorocarbons(CFC) and polyvinyl chloride(PVC's). These chemicals can be found in such products such as nuclear waste and automobile tires. Toxic chemicals or pollutants are substances that enter the environment through industrial, agricultural, or other human-generated processes that pose health hazards to humans, animals, and plants. This paper will look directly at chemicals which have been discovered to be hazardous or toxic, that are produced in quantity, and are difficult or extremely costly to remove once introduced to the environment. Nuclear waste is produced throughout the entire nuclear fuel cycle, beginning with the mining of uranium to the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuel. Nuclear waste will remain hazardous for thousands of years, leaving a poisonous legacy for future generations. As part of the normal routine operations of every nuclear power station some waste materials are discharged into the environments directly. Liquid waste is discharged using turbine cooling water to carry the waste into a nearby stream or river. Gaseous toxins are released into the atmosphere. There are three categories of radioactive nuclear waste; High level waste (HLW), Intermediate level Waste (ILW) and Low level waste (LLW). HLW consists mainly of irradiated fuel from the cores of nuclear reactors (although the nuclear industry does not consider this to be a waste) and high-levels of liquid waste are produced during reprocessing. The deadly wastes produced from these producers, are stored in large tanks, and are mixed with a hot glass material for solidification purposes. These glass logs also being classified as HLW. While the glassification process may make it easier to transport and store nuclear waste, it does not diminish the terrible dangers that the public and the environment are exposed too. HLW is typically a thousand times more radioactive than ILW. ILW consists mainly of metallic fuel ‘cans' which originally contained uranium fuel for that was used by nuclear power stations, reactor metalwork and chemical residues. ILW must be contained and from workers and the public exposure during transport and disposal. It is usually stored at the site of production. ILW is typically a thousand times more radioactive that LLW. LLW can be defined as waste which does not require protective shielding during normal handling and transportation. Examples of products containing LLW chemicals include protective clothing and laboratory equipment which have come into contact with radioactive materials. When disposing of highly radioactive nuclear fuel, the â€Å"spent† fuel is removed from the reactor and is stored temporarily in water-filled cooling pools. As the cooling pools are filled, many nuclear sites will have to shut down due to this lack of storage space for the deadly waste. According to estimates by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the global amount of â€Å"spent† fuel in 1992 was estimated at125,000 tonnes. It is projected that by the year 2000 the annual spent fuel world wide will be over 200,000 tonnes, and 450,000 tonnes by the year 2030. Although a variety of disposal methods have been discussed for decades, including disposal into outer space there is still no solution for what to do with the nuclear waste. Most of the current proposed solutions for dealing with nuclear waste involve burying it beneath the earth's surface in special concrete storage containers strong enough to stop the radioactive material from escaping. Uranium is a radioactive element. It decays into a series of other radioactive elements, known as â€Å"daughter products† until it ends up as a stable form of lead. As a consequence of the various radioactive forms uranium goes through, the uranium ore deposits contain many radioactive elements, some of which are particularly hazardous. One of the major dangers of uranium is that it produces radium toxins and radon gas. Radon gas, even when inhaled in small amounts, is known to cause lung cancer. Radium toxins can find its way into people through food and water and is known to cause other types of cancer. There are approximately 60 tire waste sites in Ontario alone. Eleven of these sites contain more than 100 000 tires, and the other 49 maintain approximately 5,000 tires. On February 12, 1990, a tire dump located near Hagersville, Ontario, which contained an estimated 14 million used tires, was set on fire and burned for 17 days. The toxic smoke alone caused thousands of people to evacuate their homes. It was estimated that 600,000 litres of oil was produced by the melting tires and collected by the cleanup crews. There is the possibility that even more oil and other contaminants from the water runoff may have entered local water sources. Statistics compiled bu the United States government reports that there are as many tires in American waste sights as there are American citizens. This estimate added to an already over-burdened environment, means that the number of scrap tires on the ground in 1994 at just under a billion in the United States alone. It is important to note that warm weather areas produce more scrap tires on average than northern, cold weather climates. Considering the unlikelihood of the invention of a â€Å"non-wear† tire in the foreseeable future, it would stand to reason that the supply of scrap tires will continue to rise for many years to come. The annual number of tires that are scrapped world wide is estimated to be 1. 6 billion (see Fig 1). The next decade alone will show an increase of more then 500 million tires per year. Improper disposal of tires can affect our health, our environment, and our waste management costs. Proper waste tire management eliminates whole tires from being buried in landfills, eliminates tire stockpiles that trap water, eliminates ideal habitats for disease carrying mosquitos and rodents; reduces the risk of uncontrollable tire fires and related hazards and provides raw material for scrap tire markets. Waste tires can be recycled as whole or split tires or as crumb (ground) rubber. Whole tires can be used as parts of playground equipment. Split tire uses include floor mats, belts and dock bumpers. Crumb rubber is the fastest growing market for scrap tires. Crumb rubber uses include rubber and plastic products such as floor mats, carpet, shoe soles, padding, athletic surfaces, alternative-energy fuel, and rubberized asphalt. Adding rubber to asphalt greatly enhances the material's temperature resistance and longevity (see Fig 2). Chlorine is found in nature mainly in the form of salt, a stable compound which is essential to many natural processes. Such as using massive amounts of electricity, the chemical industry destroys the salt compound's stability creating an extremely reactive form of chlorine that is not widely found in nature. The use of chlorine results in products and wastes, many of which are toxic to wildlife, humans and the ecosystem. Chlorofluorocarbons and hydro chlorofluorocarbons: The ozone layer which is located in the Earth's stratosphere is comprised of a blanket of ozone molecules. It is the primary protective shield that the Earth has against the deadly ultraviolet rays of the sun. During the past 60 years, the ozone layer has been severely damaged by millions of tonnes of ozone depleting substances (ODS) most notably chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS), have been released into the atmosphere by humans causing the ozone's deterioration. Other ODS include hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) which is used as part of warfare also depletes the ozone layer. ODS are known to be stable substances and can survive in the atmosphere for many years. They are carried up to the stratosphere by air currents where they eventually disintegrate under ultraviolet light. This disintegration releases chlorine or bromine molecules which creates a chemical chain reaction leading to the large scale destruction of the ozone molecules (see Fig 3). A decrease in the number of ozone molecules in the stratosphere reduces the atmosphere's ability to absorb UV-B radiation before it reaches the Earth's surface. Small changes in the thickness of the atmospheric ozone layer allow significant increases in the amount of UV-B radiation that filters through which can profoundly impact life on this planet. This added UV-B radiation impacts on the stability of the global ecosystem; the genetic health of life, the quality of the air we breathe and the weather. Unless these toxic emissions are halted immediately, the ozone's depletion and damage to the global biosphere could reach severe life threatening levels leading to the end of life as we know today. PVC's are now the single largest user of chlorine and its production is growing worldwide. Wastes from PVC production contain dioxins and other highly toxic contaminants; a range of toxic chemicals is incorporated within PVC products; and burning PVC plastic in incinerators or in accidental fires creates dioxins. PVC's have become a significant source of the planet's dioxin levels. PVC's are used as a component in consumer products such as credit cards, records, toys, window frames, doors, walls, panelling, pipes and gutters; around the home in vinyl flooring, vinyl wallpapers, venation blinds, shower curtains, office furniture, binders, folders, and pens. It is also used in the car industry, as medical disposables in hospitals, in cable and wire insulation, for imitation leathers, and in garden furniture. PVC's have become part of our everyday lives (see Fig 4). The disposal of PVC's creates environmental problems. If burned, PVC products will release an acidic gas and dioxins. PVC products are a significant source of dioxins globally. PVC's eventually releases toxins which can then threaten groundwater supplies if disposed of in landfills. PVC's are not a natural material and is not bio-degrade able. PCB's are produced in several countries and are widely used in industries as heat transfer fluids. PCB's are so versatile and so widely used because of their physical properties. These properties include resistance to acids and bases, compatibility to organic material, resistance to oxidation and reduction, electrical insulation properties, thermal stability and is nonflammable. However, widespread use and improper disposal practices have led to significant environmental contamination by these commercial PCB formulations. PCB's are highly stable in the environment. Non-Industrial sites have also been reported with high contamination (i. e. , The Antarctic). PCB's are usually found in fish, wildlife, and human adipose tissue, blood and milk. Health affects for babies who suckle their mother who has a high concentration of PCB's in their milk (see Fig 5). Between the 1940's through to the 1970's PCB's were used to coat silos of barns. The coating however, leaked from the walls into the cattle and into the human food chain via milk and meat. An increase in cancer diagnosis is humans has been reported by families that lived or used to live near these silos. These silos are now being dismantled or destroyed due to these findings. A case of Yusho/Yu-Cheng poisoning occurred in southwest Japan where 1600 individuals fell ill after eating rice oil contaminated with a commercial PCB industrial fluid. Nineteen hundred individuals also fell ill after eating the same thing. This incident occurred at the same time and area. Sixty-four percent of the victims made a recovery however, some reported to get headaches, and stomachaches, numbness of the extremities, coughing and bronchial disorders, as well as joint pains in many of the victims. Children that were affected by this incident had related growth and abnormal tooth development, and newborns exhibited systemic pigmentation and were born undersized. Beginning in 1980, congressional appropriations to a â€Å"Superfund† — money to be used by the EPA for hazardous waste cleanup — have totalled $8. 4 billion, of which the EPA has spent $6 billion (1990), and has completed work on only 52 sites listed on a national priority list of 1,218 sites that urgently required Superfund cleanup. There is no safe way to dispose of the toxic chemicals produced by industrial plants for everyday life. If there is, it can cost millions or even billions of dollars to companies and governments around the world. There are so many different toxins today that are affecting the way we live. The effects of these chemicals are destroying the environment and causing illnesses and even death in many people. Toxic chemicals must be properly used as we enter the new millennium to allow the production of toxic chemicals world wide should be cut to levels where it is considered safer for the environment and prevent increases in future levels. This global cut back should remain in place until technologies are created to safely dispose of the toxins safely. The planet. Humans must give the planet time to dissolve itself of the current toxins within the environment and repair itself to the point where living conditions are safe and clear of chemical hazards.

AntiVietnam Movement In US essays

AntiVietnam Movement In US essays The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the US from 1965-1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation's history. The United States first became directly involved in Vietnam in 1950 when President Harry Truman started to underwrite the costs of France's war against the Viet Minh. Later, the presidencies of Dwight Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy increased the US's political, economic, and military commitments steadily throughout the fifties and early sixties in the Indochina region. Prominent senators had already begun criticizing American involvement in Vietnam during the summer of1964, which led to the mass antiwar movement that was to appear in the summer of 1965. This antiwar movement had a great impact on policy and practically forced the US out of Vietnam. Starting with teach-ins during the spring of 1965, the massive antiwar efforts centered on the colleges, with the students playingleading roles. These teach-ins were mass public demonstrations, usual ly held in the spring and fall seasons. By 1968, protestersnumbered almost seven million with more than half being white youths in the college. The teach-in movement was at first, a gentle approach to the antiwar activity. Although, it faded when the college students went home during the summer of 1965, other types of protest that grew through 1971 soon replaced it. All of these movements captured the attention of the White House, especially when 25,000 people marched on Washington Avenue. And at times these movements attracted the interestof all the big decision-makers and their advisors. The teach-ins began at the University of Michigan on March 24, 1965, and spread to other campuses, including Wisconsin on April 1. These protests at some of America's finest universities captured public attention. The Demonstrations were one form of attempting to go beyond mere words and research and reason, and to put direct pressure on those who were co...

Highlights of Late 19th Century Womens Labor Organizing

Highlights of Late 19th Century Women's Labor Organizing Some highlights of American womens labor organizing in the late 19th century: In 1863, a committee in New York City, organized by the editor of the New York Sun, began to help women collect wages due them that had not been paid. This organization continued for fifty years. Also in 1863, women in Troy, New York, organized the Collar Laundry Union. These women worked in laundries making and laundering the detachable collars stylish on mens shirts. They went on strike, and as a result won an increase in wages. In 1866, their strike fund was used to aid the Iron Molders Union, building a lasting relationship with that mens union. The leader of the laundryworkers union, Kate Mullaney, went on to become assistant secretary of the National Labor Union. The Collar Laundry Union dissolved July 31, 1869, in the the middle of another strike, faced with the threat of paper collars and the likely loss of their jobs. The National Labor Union was organized in 1866; while not exclusively focusing on womens issues, it did take a stand for the rights of working women. The first two national unions to admit women were the Cigarmakers (1867) and the Printers (1869). Susan B. Anthony used her paper, The Revolution, to help working women organize in their own interests. One such organization formed in 1868, and became known as the Working Womens Association. Active in this organization was Augusta Lewis, a typographer who kept the organization focused on representing the women on pay and working conditions, and kept the organization out of political issues such as woman suffrage. Miss Lewis became the president of the Womens Typographical Union No. 1 which grew out of the Working Womens Association. In 1869, this local union applied for membership in the national Typographers Union, and Miss Lewis was made corresponding secretary of the union. She married Alexander Troup, the unions secretary-treasurer, in 1874, and retired from the union, though not from other reform work. Womens Local 1 did not long survive the loss of its organizing leader, and dissolved in 1878. After that time, the Typographers admitted women on an equal basis to men, instead of organizing separate womens locals. In 1869, a group of women shoestitchers in Lynn, Massachusetts, organized the Daughters of St. Crispin, a national womens labor organization modeled on and supported by the Knights of St. Crispin, the national shoe workers union, which also went on record supporting equal pay for equal work. The Daughters of St. Crispin is recognized as the first national union of women. The first president of the Daughters of St. Crispin was Carrie Wilson. When the Daughters of St. Crispin went on strike in Baltimore in 1871, the Knights of St. Crispin successfully demanded that the women strikers be rehired. The depression in the 1870s led to the demise of the Daughters of St. Crispin in 1876. The Knights of Labor, organized in 1869, began admitting women in 1881. In 1885, the Knights of Labor established the Womens Work Department. Leonora Barry was hired as a full time organizer and investigator. The Womens Work Department was dissolved in 1890. Alzina Parsons Stevens, a typographer and, at one time, Hull House resident, organized the Working Womans Union No. 1 in 1877. In 1890, she was elected district master workman, District Assembly 72, Knights of Labor, in Toledo, Ohio. Mary Kimball Kehew joined the Womens Educational and Industrial Union in 1886, becoming a director in 1890 and president in 1892. With Mary Kenney OSullivan, she organized the Union for Industrial Progress, whose purpose was to help women organize craft unions. This was a forerunner of the Womens Trade Union League, founded in the early 20th century. Mary Kenney OSullivan was the first woman hired by the American Federation of Labor (AFL) as an organizer. She had earlier organized women bookbinders in Chicago into the AFL and had been elected a delegate to the Chicago Trades and Labor Assembly. In 1890, Josephine Shaw Lowell organized the Consumers League of New York. In 1899, the New York organization helped found the National Consumers League to protect both workers and consumers. Florence Kelley led this organization, which worked mainly through educational effort. Text copyright  © Jone Johnson Lewis . Image:  left to right, (front row): Miss Felice Louria, executive secretary of the New York City Consumers League; and Miss Helen Hall, director of the Henry Street Settlement in New York and chairman of the Consumers National Federation. (Back row) Robert S. Lynd, head of Department of Sociology, Columbia University; F.B. McLaurin, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Michael Quill, N.Y. City Councilman and president of Transportation Workers Union.

China and Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

China and Globalization - Essay Example Similar to other developing nations, China has been affected vastly by the advent of globalization which is often argued to be comparatively more rigorous than in the context of other countries. Globalization has helped China in achieving various economic opportunities such as resource accumulation, capital inflow and labor outflow to contribute to its socio-economic growth prospects (Hangzhou and Hong Kong. â€Å"Could A Chinese Internet Business Become the World’s Most Valuable Company†). The country had also witnessed various challenges in terms of sovereignty and ideological diversity when developing with the advent of rapid globalization. Critics often argue in this regard that China has learnt to turn its economic lacunas into advantages with the help of the globalization. According to the survey report of the World Bank on global development, China’s accelerated growth has ‘helped to drive the recovery in the East Asia’ by a large extent (Keit h, â€Å"Buying up the World, The Coming Wave of Chinese Take Over†). Focusing on the recent economic developments in China, it can be affirmed that globalization effects have imposed its vital impressions over China’s economy. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of China is increasing continuously on a year-on-year basis. China entails the 32nd largest power with respect to its trade prospects (Shenzen. â€Å"The Company That Spooked the World†). For instance, China’s economy, as compared to the Japanese context and other similar nations is much more open and advanced facilitating global traders to operate with the nation and thus facilitate national income substantially. As the records depict, the national income of China, earned from international trade accounts around 70% of its total GDP. In this context, it has been further revealed that the globalization of China does not confine to the opening of economy rather it confines to the globalization of the institutions trading within China. In accordance with the advent of globaliza tion, China has adopted the foreign technologies as well as the techniques of the corporate management related to the foreign terms. China has also adapted the various foreign institutions as well as the international accounting standards aptly in accordance with its economic limitations and growth needs. The important and the advanced change that globalization brought within China relates to the western concept of the rules related to the law which in turn, with the blend of Chinese traditional ideologies have widened the nation’s development prospects largely (Shenzen. â€Å"The Company That Spooked the World†). As reported in The Economist, China has adopted three basic steps to merge smoothly with the globalization imposing inevitable impacts over the world economy and the market scenario. The frank pro-globalization stand, the reformist approach and the attitude of fight back globalization have further accumulated with the rise of China as a world power in global politics. The need for this attitude by the Chinese economy was basically to sustain within the competitive scenario where globalization effects were observed to be posing a fast and advanced impact over the country’s economy. It is in this context that globalization has provided long-term benefits to China with respect to various aspects. In the aftermath, with the enhanced resource availability as facilitated with the globalization effects, the domestic industry in China became more efficient and effective which ultimately helped the nation to ensure competitiveness towards the foreign industries by accepting the legal as well as the regulatory framework with regard to the modern management in an open and

Curbing the Costs of College Textbooks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Curbing the Costs of College Textbooks - Essay Example The federal government has even involved itself in the issue by passing a recent law that forces publishers to tell professors how much-required texts will cost their students, and colleges must inform students during class registration what books they will need to purchase for each course. The best and most fair solution for everyone when it comes to textbook pricing is to move away from physical printed and bound books to electronic and downloadable texts. Publishers have every right to make money, but students should have the ability to save themselves money wherever possible while working towards their diplomas. Problems with the current system Students today spend a lot of time and effort when it comes to buying textbooks. Once their class booklists are in hand, the students have a few options as to where to buy their books. There’s the school bookstore, which will usually carry new and used copies of required books, and will buy back some books from previous purchases. S tudents may also look for their books online, at sites like Amazon.com or eFollet.com, which often offer a larger selection of used copies than the campus bookstore and often at a lower price (Bernard B5). Yet there are a lot of roadblocks when it comes to finding a cheaper, used copy of a textbook. According to a national survey conducted by the Public Interest Research Groups (PIRG) of required college texts, the books are revised and issued as new editions â€Å"every three to four years regardless of changes to the subject† (Allen 6). Why is this a problem? Because the older editions are then considered outdated and are made unavailable to students by the publisher. The older editions cannot be traded in for cash or credit at the student bookstore or sold online at Amazon.com or eFollet.com. Students enrolling in classes where the new editions are required must buy the books new since used copies are not available. Students also complain that many times they are only requ ired by their professors to read a couple of chapters in a single textbook – despite having to purchase the entire book (Allen 7). In the 1980s through the early 1990s, it was a fairly common practice for professors to offer â€Å"course packets,† which were photocopied chapters from several different textbooks and were made available to students for only the cost of the photocopies. These packets were widely considered by publishers to be a blatant violation of copyright law, leading to a lawsuit against a Kinkos in Ohio who was handling the photocopying order for Ohio State University. The publishers won the suit and course packets began disappearing not only from OSU but from colleges everywhere. (O'Shaughnessy 1-2) In 2010, the federal government passed a law as part of the Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) requiring that book publishers tell professors up-front, in all marketing materials, how much the book will cost the student. The idea behind this provisi on of HEOA was described as â€Å"an effort to get professors to be aware of what their choices were really costing their students† (Smith A5).  

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Discussion Questions - Essay Example Moreover, in some cases, business process changes are modified that are considered the root cause of the issues. Employees related to management should be well aware of various approaches for removing the weaknesses and select the best-suited method, according to the nature of business, resources and the control required over the process. Hence, all stakeholders must participate and show their interest in the selection process. Answer 2 In order to reduce cost on system development, organization purchase fourth generation tools or software packages. As the in-house ‘software development’ cost is high, organizations prefer to buy them from external software houses. Organizations may purchase the software from the vendors, outsourcing organization or application service providers. As business nature of the departments do not change at a rapid pace and are common in almost every organization including inventory control, general ledger, payroll processing and account receiva bles do not change over a long period of time. Applications that are purchased from external sources can be adjusted to the similar in nature business process of an organization. This is a cost saving factor, as applications are purchased from external sources along with customization and maintenance support, which is a responsibility of vendors. These factors conclude that the application software packages reduce the system development cost.

Domestic Violence Crime And Victims Act 2004 Social Work Essay

Domestic Violence Crime And Victims Act 2004 Social Work Essay The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 closes a legal loophole, (whereby defendants in murder and manslaughter cases could escape conviction by claiming each other had killed the child), by creating a new offence of causing or allowing the death of a child or vulnerable adult. The offence establishes a new criminal responsibility for members of a household where they know that a child or vulnerable adult is at significant risk of serious harm.(NSPCC, 2010) This Act is about the focus on criminal justice upon legal protection and assistance to victims of crime, particularly domestic violence. It expands to the provision for trials without a jury, brings in new rules for trials for causing the death of a child or vulnerable adult, permits bailiffs to use force to enter homes.(Wikipedia, 2011) What are childrens need? The definition of childrens needs is not easy. Katz suggested that one of the most salient aspects of the field of early childhood education is the sharp divergence of views among workers and clients concerning what young children need as well as how and when these needs should be satisfied (Katz 1977:69). Maslow (1954) identified three types of need: primary needs (air, food, sleep); emotional needs (love, security); and social needs (acceptance by ones peers). What Law says about childrens right? Childrens rights focuses on the domestic laws and policies that affect child health and social welfare, education and special needs, child labour and exploitation, sale and trafficking of children, and juvenile justice. The childrens rights movement promotes legal protections and safeguards for children, distinct from those of adult. How to safeguard a child? The solution in order to protect children from being abuse is going on the extra mile to care about the childrens life after school hours in order to keep a relationship between the family. It is essential that to understand the families background because we might not able to understand them better through the children. We need people to be more caring. What is abuse? Abuse is an attempt to control the behaviour of another person. It is a misuse of power which uses the bond of intimacy, trust and dependency to make victim vulnerable.(novavita,nd) There are types of abuses:- physical sexual neglect psychological / emotional Physical abuse is often the most easily recognized form of abuse. Hitting, shaking, burning, pinching, biting, choking, throwing, beating and other actions are categorized as physical abuse, it may also cause physical injury, leave marks or cause pains. Sexual abuse is a sexual act or contact between an adult and anyone younger than 18 years old; between a significantly older child and a younger child; or if one person overpowers another, regardless of age. Psychological or emotional can be the most difficult to identify because there are usually no outward signs of the abuse. This abuse happens when yelling and anger go too far or when parents constantly criticise, threaten, or dismiss kids or teens until their self-esteem and feelings of self-worthy is damaged. Emotional abuse can hurt and cause damage just as physical abuse do. Neglect is difficult to identify and define. Neglect occurs when a child doesnt have the primary needs like food, shelter, clothes, medical care or supervision. Emotional neglects happen when a parent doesnt provide enough emotional support or deliberately and consistently pays very little or no attention to the child. This doesnt mean that a parent doesnt give a kid something he or she wants, like a new computer or a cell phone, but more to basic needs like food , shelter and love. What improvements has been done between the Childrens Act 1989 and Childrens Act 2004? After the astonishing incident of Victoria Climbie, the Act was created with a certain goals. It built in such a way that to give boundaries and help for local authorities and/or other entitles to better regulate official intervention in the interests of children. The Act also made changes to the law that pertain to children, notably on foster homes,adoption agencies, babysitting services and the handling of child-related crimes and crimes against children. Reasons of child abuse There are many factors that are potentially to start child abuse. Most commonly are the past events of child abusers that they experienced while they were young and as they grow up, they think that its fine to hit or beat a child, in other words which is teaching them a lesson. Another factor is that parents or child abuser cannot withstand childrens nuisance especially when parents are undergoing stress or other aspects that they are not in rationale state to cause abuse to happen. The causes of child abuse are too much to be narrowed down to a single cause. Most of the time, there are multiple factors are in play. For example, a father is an alcoholic and some part of the family system is caught up in a cycle of abuse that spans generation of the family. Now we can say that the alcoholic may be a contributing factor to the dysfunction, but there is also the generational factor to consider. Therefore, analysing the cause of child abuse , its easier to break it into sub categories which put children at risk for being abuse and neglect. These includes the social-economic causes of child abuse, family environment, parental profile and child-related characteristics. The term causes of child abuse is in reality about the conditions which may make child abuse more likely. There are 4 major causes of child abuse: Social economics Family income level Differing cultural value Institutionalized manifestations of abuse Family Environment Domestic Violence Single Parents Child-rearing practices Parental Profile Age of the Parents Low self-confidence Past history of abuse Drug and alcohol problems Mental health problems Low prevalence of social ties Refusal to believe their way of parenting is wrong The parent is mentally handicapped in a way that doesnt enable him or her to provide proper care for their children Having unrealistic expectations for their children and little knowledge of the developmental stages children go through. Child-related Characteristics Age of the child The child has physical or mental handicaps Childs gender The was unwanted and/or reminds the parent of an absent partner or spouse Childs personality is not a good fit with the parents personalities Reduced positive interaction between a parent and child due to separation from a parent during critical development periods. Impact of each different types of abuse Physical child abuse effects vary from child to child depending on six factors: severity of the physical abuse How hard a child is struck is only one aspect of severity. The implement the child is struck with is also a factor. This does not mean that using an open hand or fist will result in fewer or lesser effects; the harm done to the child is measured both by physical injury and emotional injury frequency of the physical abuse A single incident of physical abuse can result in severe trauma, but generally, the more often the physical abuse occurs the greater the impact on the child. age of the child when physical abuse began The younger the child was at the on set of physical abuse, the greater the imprint, and thus, the greater the impact. This particularly evident when the abuse continues throughout the childs life. childs relationship to the abuser When a child has a very close relationship with his/her abuser, the feeling of betrayal are that much greater; the very person who is supposed to protect is instead hurting that child. availability of support persons When a child has no one to turn to, increased feelings to abandonment occur, which in turns adds to the physical child abuse effects. childs ability to cope A child will find a way to cope with the abuse. The methods a child uses can add to the effects. Coping skills can be: Physical emotional inward outward Emotional abuse effects are directly connected to the relationship between the victim and abuser. The closer the relationship, the more devastating the effects on the child or youth. As the intensity, frequency and duration of abuse increases, so does the effect on the psyche of that child or youth. The negative messages of emotional child abuse causes inner damage that either destroys or impairs the development of a positive sense of self. Emotional child abuse is by definition constant negative messages, but even a single message of rejection can have long-lasting negative effects on the child or youth. Physical Effects Speech problems lags in physical development failure to thrive facial tic eating disorders self harm drug abuse attempt suicide Behavioural Effects low self-worth irritability overly reactive sleep disorders inability to trust others depression inappropriate behaviour for age withdrawal profound sadness stealing lying prostitution engaging in risky behaviours Emotional Effects inability to control emotions questioning of religious beliefs The effects of child neglect are not limited to the children in the neglectful families. Research is now showing that effects last well into adulthood. And not just emotionally, but physically as well. Sexual abuse effects on children and youth can be evident in emotional, physical and behavioural ways. These effects can be just as devastating whether there was only one occurrence or there were repeated occurrences. Sexual abuse cannot be compared, because each abuse experience is unique. Children are vulnerable to sexual abuse because of their age, size and innocence. When a child or youth is molested, she/he learns that adults cannot be trusted for care and protection: well-being is disregarded, and there is a lack of support and protection. These lead to grief, depression, extreme dependency, inability to judge trustworthiness in others, mistrust, anger and hostility. And as if all that isnt enough, children bodies often respond to the sexual abuse, bringing on shame and guilt. Conclusion Lastly, if a child is been abused mentally and physically, the possibility of the child to be affected is very high. This will not only affect the child himself but his future will be affected due to previous abuse that he has gone through. It is everyones responsibility to make sure all child is protected and given the right environment for their development in young age.

The Earth Centered Theme of Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear

The Earth Centered Theme of Shakespeare's King Lear King Lear is a complicated, apocalyptic play with parallel plots, moral ambiguity, and a messy ending. The play's events were politically charged and historically informed when they were performed in seventeenth century England, as they continue to be to today. Whatever his intentions, Shakespeare has given us several universal truths to consider. One I like to consider is how beneath all the sinister and bold machinations of man lies the gentle earth, from which we, and all life, spring. Some critics note that Shakespeare was skeptical about God and the role of religion in one's life. I believe King Lear is the product of a writer with a solid cosmology, but one centered in earth and humanity. I hesitate to label Shakespeare a pagan, or anything other than brilliant. Yet there is evidence enough in the text for me to argue an earth-centric thesis. A close reading reveals those who employ common wording or down-to-earth speech as embodiments of goodness, whereas characters that insis t on the perfectly controlled, artificial utterances of the feudal court are corrupt at best, if not evil. The gods above are shown to be fickle and uncaring, if not bloodthirsty. Shakespeare also weaves in certain utopian visions into the fabric of King Lear, earth-based ideals, not only pre-Christian like the play's setting, but pre-historic; thus supporting the argument for an earthen cosmology and humanistic political consciousness, freely exhibited and often applied in the work. Unnatural Edmund Edmund rejects the very idea of baseness, or what we might think of as earthiness. He is skillfully used in the play to oppose to all that is common and good. His famous soliloquy in Act 1, Sc... ... manifest values of personal humility, caring, and wise stewardship of the land. Works Cited Elliot, Michael. King Lear by William Shakespeare. Princeton: Films for the Humanities. 1988. Starring: Laurence Olivier and John Hurt. Oates, Joyce Carol. " 'Is This the Promised End?': The Tragedy of King Lear." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. (Fall 1974) URL: http://www.usfca.edu/fac-staff/southerr/lear.html. Schneider, Ben Ross, Jr. "King Lear in Its Own Time: The Difference that Death Makes." Early Modern Literary Studies 1.1 (1995): 3.1-49 URL: http://www.humanities.ualberta.ca/emls/01-1/schnlear.html. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Edited by David Bevington. New York: Bantam. 1980. Smiley, Jane. A Thousand Acres. New York: Fawcett Columbine. 1991. Toole, John Kennedy. A Confederacy of Dunces. New York: Grove Weidenfeld. 1980.

Love Is Not Bliss (Romeo & Juliet + Othello) A Thesis Essay

One of the reasons that the works of Shakespeare are so renowned is simply for the fact that he can beautifully create moments of happiness, sadness, glory, agony, misery, love, betrayal – and anything else which may fall in between (Krakauer 09). There are numerous situations in real life in which one person may fall deeply in love with another, but it will eventually turn out that it was never to occur in the first place. When it comes to Shakespeare, love is never meant to blossom in the plays Romeo and Juliet, and Othello. In the very first act of Romeo and Juliet, for example, we learn that there is a feud between the Montagues and the Capulets. Two households, both alike in dignity (In fair Verona, where we lay our scene) From Ancient grudge break into new mutiny (Act I Sc I). Romeo and Juliet fall instantly in love with each other. But, because of their families hatred, their happiness and youth are wasted. Juliet receives a marriage proposal from Paris, and agrees that she will consider marrying him if she likes him. After falling in love with Romeo however – at first sight, she learns as he leaves that he is a Montague. She is struck with as much horror as he is after he finds out that she is a Capulet. It is just a little while later that Juliet delivers her famous speech: â€Å"O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? †¦O, be some other name! What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.† (Act II Sc II). Passion it is of course, but that contaminated term has in our day become helpless to express it. Purity would be the perfect word for it if the world had not forgotten that purity is simply Greek for fire (Krakauer 17). Juliet later discovers that her father has arranged for her to marry Paris in three days. She refuses to do so, and her father is furious over the fact that his daughter is so proud and ungrateful. She then turns to her mother – but her mother refuses to listen to what she has to say. In desperation, she turns to the nurse for advice, and even the Nurse believes that Juliet should marry Paris, because Romeo was banished from Verona and is not likely to return. Juliet realized that everyone is against her, so she turned to  Friar Laurence for help. The Friar knows of a sleeping potion that Juliet would be able to use that would fool her family to believe that Juliet is dead. Juliet decided to use that potion on the very night that she is to wed Paris. When the family finds Juliet â€Å"dead’, the Friar says that they must arrange for a burial and carry Juliets body to the church. After Romeo (then in Mantua) learns that Juliet is dead, he buys some poison and intends to kill himself in the vault where Juliet lies. Paris is in the vault when Romeo arrives, and he assumes that Romeo is there for evil purposes. The two men then fight a duel, and Romeo realizes that he has killed Paris as he falls. He then gazes at Juliet in her tomb, and swallows the poison after giving her a last kiss. He instantly dies, and Juliet wakes up shortly thereafter. After she realizes that Romeo is dead, she takes his dagger and stabs herself with it. It is then that the families reconcile – when it is too late. Statues were to be made in honor of the lovers. Cynics are fond of saying that if Romeo and Juliet had lived, their love would not have lasted (Krakauer 24).There is also numerous instances in Othello in which it is evident that love was never meant to blossom between Othello, and his wife Desdemona. Brabantio is the father of Desdemona. He regrets the fact that he allowed Desdemona to marry Othello, who just happens to be a Moor. He realized that he would have rather let a unestablished man named Roderigo take Desdemonas hand in marriage. Othello is accused of using witchcraft on his wife, and it is said that he is probably abusing her as well. However, when Desdemona is questioned, she admits that she has fallen in love with Othello and married him on her own will. Brabantio is furious when he hears his daughters confessions, and he practically disowns her. He then turns to Othello, and says â€Å"Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see. She has deceived her father, and may thee† (Act I Sc III). Then there is the notorious villain, Iago. He came up with a plan to make it seem like Desdemona was cheating on Othello with his friend, Michael Cassio. Iago feels hatred towards Othello because he passed him over, and promoted Cassio for a position. Iago also had suspicions that Othello may have been having an affair with Emilia (Iagos wife), and for that he wants get revenge on  Othello. Shakespeare gives Iago an outward appearance of honest virtue and has Othello consistently call him â€Å"Honest Iago.† (Krakauer 56). Iago has the tendency to be very convincing and manipulative. He manages to make money off of Roderigo by offering foolish advice followed by a great deal of logic. After much talk, Roderigo is even convinced to sell off his land, so he can have a lot of money in his hands to get the attention of Desdemona. It is safe to say that Iago is very much like the devil himself (Krakauer 62). This is evident in his soliloquy at the very end of Act I. He reveals to the audience that he wishes to abuse Othellos ear, and blacken Cassios name as well. Iago also tends to compare people to animals, such as when he says, â€Å"The Moor is of a free and open nature that thinks men honest that but seem to be so, and will as tenderly be led by the nose as asses are.† (Act I Sc III). Iago does indeed poison Othellos ears by convincing him to view the friendship between Desdemona and Cassio under a negative perspective. At a party, he gets Cassio to drink an excessive amount of liquor, which makes him drunk. At one point as Cassio gets in a fight with another person, Othello walks in, and Iago makes him take Cassios position away from him. Iago then goes over to Cassio and acts as if he is a friend to him. He tells Cassio to request Desdemona to convince Othello to give Cassio his position back. Desdemona agrees to do so, but all in a very innocent manner. Since Iago has plagued Othellos mind with false thoughts, Othello gets furious everytime that Desdemona mentions Cassios name. He begins to suffer mentally, and has trouble sleeping, and begins to snap at Desdemona over the slightest things. Eventually, Othello smothers Desdemona, and kills her. Emilia discovers what has happened, and cries out till Iago arrives. She then reveals the fact that Iago is a villain, and Iago kills her. Othello realizes that he has made a mistake, and kills himself, and Iago gets executed. The love stories in Romeo and Juliet, and Othello start off very nicely, but unfortunately end with tragic deaths.